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A SIMPLE CENTRE OF GRAVITY RIG

by GEOFF GRAHAM

Far too many maiden flights come to grief but there is a lot that can be done to minimise the risk of this happening. The practice of checking everything before you fly should include a careful check on the centre of gravity. This device is intended to take the guesswork out of accurately establishing the location of the C of G.

The woodworking involved is very simple and if you can make a decent job of building a model aeroplane, then this is well within your grasp. You will need about 5 feet of 2" x 1" softwood obtainable from DIY shops or Builders' Merchant. The same source should furnish threaded 8 mm rod and eight nuts and the same number of washers. The design is such that the device can be dismantled and stored flat taking up very little space.

CoG rig T180.JPG (58709 bytes)Dimensions are not really that critical but you have to make sure that the threaded rods allow you to adjust the width so as to accommodate your widest fuselage. The two base pieces should be about 10 to 12 inches long and the finished height about 16 to 18 inches. I do not build aircraft much larger than 70 inches span and so my rig is 16 inches high, which is plenty as can be seen from the picture of the T180.

It is important to make sure that the tips of the side pieces upon which the model will perch, finish up about over the centre of the base. This is simply so that the weight will be evenly distributed and the rig will be stable in use.

I cut a piece of my 2" x 1" timber down its length for the uprights as I wanted to be sure that the thing was not top heavy. Simple halving joints are used at the base and a joiner's adjustable bevel is used for marking out the angle of these joints. Before you glue up the sides, lay them one on top of the other and adjust your joints so that they are precisely the same. This is very important! Finally, glue to the tip of each upright a small piece of tank-packing sorbo sheet as this grips the model covering, aiding stability.

Common sense tells you that the rig can only be used on solid material in the wing, but as the C of G is usually on the main spar or very close to it, it is almost certain that you will have balsa or ply sheeting over the spot where your C of G should be. In use, this rig is so handy that you can even place lead weights and thus accurately establish how much must be added and to where, so as to correct a C of G which you find is in the wrong place.

CGRig 01.JPG (42859 bytes) CGRig 02.JPG (48583 bytes)

geoffers@ntlworld.com 

Thanks to Geoff for that. Even though the pictures above are quite large, they are still thumbnails, so click them to see even more detail.

There will be another article from Geoff on the next ModelFlight. It's a step-by-step tutorial on his decal-making system which I know from past experience will be of interest to many.

 

You may recall that on the last ModelFlight, TOM WATSON pointed out the Pilot Proficiency Program run by IRCHA (International Radio Controlled Helicopter Association) as being something worth looking at, and I promised a bit more about it on this update. Tom kindly sent me full details of the PPP and I am indebted to Bill Schatz, Secretary of IRCHA, for permission to reproduce Level I of the program below.

IRCHA Pilot Proficiency Program

I think most of you would agree that it is particularly satisfying to have a standard to be aiming for in flying your radio-controlled model, whether it is to aim for the basic tests of your national sport association or even some targets of proficiency you may set yourself. In the field of model helicopters, that can be a gradual progression from mastering the tail-in hover with variations, flying lazy eights and simple circuits on through to more advanced manoeuvres, autorotations and aerobatics - the sky is, indeed, the limit! 

The International Radio Controlled Helicopter Association is an organisation that sets out to promote the idea of disciplined and progressive proficiency in flying model helicopters, and to this end they publish a program consisting of seven levels of proficiency from basic to really advanced flying. Successful completion of each level, properly documented and witnessed, qualifies the successful pilot for an IRCHA patch or pin to record and proudly display his/her proficiency level, if they so wish.

Even if you do not formalise your flying abilitiy in this way, the program can form the basis of a nicely disciplined approach to your practice and progress, as well as providing a real sense of purpose to your flying, of course - and it's all good fun into the bargain!.

To give you a flavour of the program, therefore, here is Level I of the IRCHA Pilot Proficiency Program exactly as published.

Level I is the most basic of the program and is characterized by the pilot become SAFE and proficient in the Hover and its related phases. Pilot position for most of the maneuvers shall be from the position of Tail-in towards the pilot.

Maneuver Description

A. Take-off

The take-off should be performed straight up from the landing area, at a constant rate of climb, with little lateral deviations. Come to a complete stop without any vertical bounce or dip, and little to no wobble or drifting. The landing area is defined as a 36" (1 meter) diameter circle.

B. Stationary Hover

1. After the take-off, coming to a complete stop with little to no vertical bounce, dip, lateral drifting, or wobble.
2. Hold in the Stationary Hover for one (1) minute.
3. The Stationary Hover should give the appearance of being under total control.

C. Hover Laterally

1. From take-off area hover forward ten (10) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
2. From there hover backward twenty (20) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
3. From there hover forward ten (10) feet until you are over the landing area, then hover to the left ten (10) feet, hold for ten (10) seconds.
4. From there hover to the right twenty (20) feet, hold for ten seconds.
5. From there hover back to the left ten (10) feet until you are over the landing area.
6. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.

D. Multiple-level Hover

1. Take off, hover for five (5) seconds.
2. Climb straight up two (2) meters, hold for five (5) seconds.
3. Descend vertically two (2) meters, hold for five seconds.
4. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.

E. 3/4 Rear View Hovering

1. Take-off to Hover, hold for five (5) seconds.
2. Rotate nose of helicopter, either left or right forty-five (45) degrees, hold for five (5) seconds.
3. Rotate the nose of the helicopter back to straight ahead, hold for five (5) seconds.
4. Continue rotating the nose of the helicopter forty-five (45) degrees to the other side, hold for five (5) seconds.
5. Rotate the nose back to straight ahead, hold for five (5) seconds.
6. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.

F. Full Lateral View Hovering

  1. Same as 3/4 View Hovering, but in steps 2 and 4 rotate ninety (90) degrees instead of forty-five (45) degrees.

G. Diagonal Hovering

1. After take off from the landing area within center of a 10 meter/yard box, from Stationary Hover, maintaining a constant heading, move the helicopter diagonally to a corner of the box, hold for five (5) seconds, then return to the center of the box.
2. Repeat with the remaining 3 corners of the box.
3. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.

H. Circle Hovering

1. Tail-in Circle
   a. Take-off, hold hover for five (5) seconds.
   b. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed at the pilot, in a circle around the pilot, until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
   c. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step b above.
   d. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.

2. Constant Heading Circle
   a. Take-off, hold hover for five (5) seconds.
   b. Move the helicopter to the right, keeping the tail pointed in the same direction, in a ten (10) meter circle in front of the pilot, until the helicopter is hovering over the take-off point.
   c. Move the helicopter to the left, repeating step b above.
   d. Land with the skids completely within the landing area.

Well, that really is something constructive for a beginner pilot to get stuck into, don't you think? 

The beauty of this seven-level program is that you have some quite specific goals to aim at. You can set your own pace, practicing the various manoeuvres as much as you like before deciding to have a go at gaining your next ranking. 

All the documentation for the seven program levels, including the forms to record your achievement, is down-loadable from IRCHA's website, where you can also find out all about the organisation and how to join it. Go to http://www.ircha.org/ 

IRCHA is the Special Interest Group for r/c helicopters to the AMA (Academy of Model Aeronautics).

 

 

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